Calypso or Circe Essay

Nausicaa is the first normal woman Odysseus sees in nearly twenty years, the last of whom being the women from Ismarus, the city he sacks directly after leaving Troy, and understandably he is very weary of her. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, he treats her with the utmost respect and keeps his distance from her, both physically and emotionally. He admires her beauty, respects her decisions and listens to her like an equal, despite her age and sex, which shows respect, although not necessarily feelings. Despite his lack of show of affection towards her, he is kind and shows his appreciation for her saving him from death – ‘I do indeed pray to Zeus†¦ to let me reach my home†¦ If he does, then I will pray you as a divinity all the rest of my days. For it was you lady, who gave me back my life. ‘ showing how he does indeed respect what she has done for him, and is grateful towards her. After Odysseus leaves Nausicaa in the town, Homer does not mention her anymore but for their goodbyes, despite the fact they are staying under the same roof. This indicates Odysseus’s lack of interest in Nausicaa’s comings and goings. When Odysseus begins to explain his adventures to Alcinous, in particular he mentions Calypso and Circe, and how he never had any affection for them – ‘The divine Calypso was certainly for keeping me in her cavern home because she yearned for me to be her husband and with me the same object Circe†¦. but never for a moment did they win my heart. ‘ Here Odysseus states in his own words that he was never won over by either, and although he may have found pleasure in staying with them, it could never compare with the pleasure of seeing his wife again; any feelings he had towards Calypso or Circe were not genuine or heart-felt. Similarly to Calypso, Circe is first seen as ‘singing with her beautiful voice’ and ‘weaving one of those delicate, graceful and dazzling fabrics that goddesses make’, and the temptation to stay with her (as he then does with Calypso) would have been immense. Hermes warns her that ‘she will†¦ invite you to her bed. You must not refuse†¦ if you want her to free your men and look after you’. The fact that Odysseus obeys this shows the extent of what he would do to free his men and return home; going to bed with Circe would have been merely another obstacle for him on his journey home, his feelings towards her being limited. Although he describes the ‘comfortable heat’ and the way ‘all the painful weariness was gone’ from his limbs, his ‘thoughts were elsewhere’ and ‘mind was full of forebodings’ showing how he cannot feel content without knowing his crew is safe and his chances for ever reaching home are still tangible. In addition, the way in which he prioritises Circe’s actions towards him and his crew is also relevant, seeing as it is Odysseus recounting the story to Alcinous. He first says Circe ‘graciously bathed the members of my party in her palace and rubbed them with olive-oil. She gave them tunics and warm cloaks’, showing how to him, the women he encounters are mostly beneficial to him for the reason that they give him and his crew shelter, food and drink, and there is no implication of any feeling towards them. They stay on the island for a year, and by the end the crew are frustrated – ‘What possesses you to stay on here? It’s time you thought of Ithaca’. It is only when Ithaca is mentioned that Odysseus is persuaded to leave – ‘my proud heart was convinced’; if he did have any feelings towards Circe, he would have stayed, or at least contemplated staying for a little longer. Overall I consider that Odysseus does not care about these women. He loves his wife dearly – ‘[Penelope] is never out of your thoughts’- and is happy to leave every island he sets foot upon if he thinks he is heading for home. Circe does seem to hold a certain place in Odysseus’ heart, because she is the one he stays with voluntarily and has to be persuaded to leave, but Odysseus leaves the others without a backward glance – ‘with a happy heart’ in fact, in the case of Calypso. Odysseus’s affection and respect for Nausicaa seems to be purely polite and possibly only to suit his own means, or at the most brotherly- he wants the best for her. As for Arete, Odysseus never had affectionate feelings for her. He needs her support to get home, and this is the only reason he shows respect for her, except perhaps because she is a wise woman. Throughout the Odyssey, Odysseus longs for his homeland, and is unable to feel much but grief at his prolonged absence.

Gulliver Travel Theme Essay

Might vs. Right In Jonathon Swift’s Gulliver’s Travel there are many characters who have power over others, some of these characters abuse it other characters do not. Swift gives many details and examples of how the character uses or abuses his or her power. Swift relates many of his characters to real life people of his time The first occurrence of this theme happens when Gulliver washes up on the island of the Lulliputains after his boat was capsized by a huge storm. Gulliver awakens to his arm, legs, and body tied down and is unable to move. He is surrounded by a abundance of miniature like people. Though Gulliver showed no sign of aggression the Lulliputains, despite their small size, still took full advantage over Gulliver and attack him with arrows. The emperor who rules Luptin thinks he can control Gulliver and has him chained and guarded by soldiers. â€Å"The emperor is both a satire of the autocratic ruler and a strangely serious portrait of political power. †(Sparknotes. com). Swift uses The Emperor to represent King George I. Just like King George, The Emperor abuses his power and hires his ministers on how well he likes them rather then their suitability, wisdom, or virtue. The Emperor of Luptin also loves war and wants to use Gulliver’s size to enslave the neighboring island Blefuscu. Although Gulliver refuses to do so, this can be compared to King George I war on Spanish Succession. The Brobdingnagians could dominate with their superior size if they wished but for the must part they do not. Gulliver is taken by a farmer when he lands on the island of Brobdingnag who Gulliver estimates is around seventeen foot tall. The farmer at doesn’t take advantage of his great size but he eventually uses Gulliver as a display around Brobdingnag for money. In General the Brobdingnagians do not abuse their power. The King of Brobdingnag is offered the secret of gunpowder but he refuses to take this, even though gunpowder could vastly increase the power of his nation. The Queen of Brobdingnag finds Gulliver and buys him off the farmer for a thousand pieces of gold. The Queen finds Gulliver quite interesting and thinks of him not as a pet but as fellow Brobdingnagian. Throughout the story Swift likes to draw questions through his characters on why people hold power over others. A key example of this is how The Laputan King thinks he has the right to hold power over the Balnirbarbians simply because he is more devoted to abstract and theoretical knowledge then they are. A more ambiguous example of this power is how the Houyhnhnms control the Yahoos. The Houyhnhnms are intelligent, moral and virtuous people but it is still questionable on whether they should rule the Yahoos. â€Å"The Yahoos are greedy, beastlike humans who will fight over anything valuable and will eat enough food for ten. †(shmoop. com). Even though the Houyhmhnms are great creatures it is still inhuman that they should take control of the Yahoos who are less fortunate than them. Might vs. ight or, abuse or use of power, is a reoccurring theme in Gulliver’s Travels. Swift uses this theme to draw a deeper meaning into the story. The question of why people hold power over others is one that is asked throughout the novel. Swift puts you into each of leaders shoes and gets the reader to think of what they would do if they were in this situation. Would people use to power that was given to them to do great things or would people abuse their power to control and strip freed om from others.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Project Management - Essay Example ive weeks in completing activity F. The analysis of one action that the Project Manager would take to avoid exceeding the current length of the critical path is to crash other activities or reschedule the activities so that not more than 19 weeks are required to complete the project. This is because in decreasing time of critical activity it normally comes on with other direct costs. And the option of crashing the project will depend on the following factors: the resources are in abundance; therefore, the addition to the resources, it can be done up to the level which communication costs are augmented and the productivity diminishes. In this situation the project manager may decide to sub contract or even to out source the project work. Another thing which could be done is the introduction of the overtime and multitasking in some activities. Activity F is the Recruit and selection of staff; therefore, if this is delayed for five days, then it means the preceding activities will also be delayed, not as it was planed initially. The factors considered before choosing the localities Nature and type of business is the greatest factor to be considered. Pertinently, the businesses that rely on consumers that do drive from the public road are the most targeted. The business will rely heavily on the transportation sector and other industries that use petroleum product as their energy for moving the machines. Hazma Biodiesel has to get their location in a suitable place. Availability of resources: Hamza has an expectation of $103950, but the actual capital the company has is $85000. This amount of money the company is able to secure since some of the equipment needed to start and run the project. Timing is also important: they want the company to start generating cash flows which will be used to grow the business. Hamza Biodiesel Company secured the premises, and this provided the best value for their money. Required space: this type of business requires very large amoun ts of space. For the case of Hamza BioDiesel, Mandy stated at the Board meeting that retailing high quality groceries will be a very different venture from selling fuel - it will require large space for parking purposes. Facilities needed: Hamza Biodiesel will require pumps and fire fighting equipment in this business to carry out their business effectively, for instance, if Hamza Biodiesel could need safety measures in place as they will trade on inflammable such like product. For that reason, very special mechanical, plumbing, electrical and fire suppression requirements shall be in place for smooth running of the project. These are the factors that must be taken into consideration. Question 2 No, the total cost of the project is $103,950 whereas the company has earmarked ?85,000 for this project. There are various sources where Hamza BioDiesel can raise additional capital as follows: a) External sources of finance is the capital (either long or short term) borrowed from sources e xternal to the firm. While it adopts a conservative working capital management policy, an

The effects of mergers and acquisitions on small business lending Essay

The effects of mergers and acquisitions on small business lending - Essay Example Besides the expected advantages arising from consolidations taking place in small businesses, mergers and acquisitions play an important role in increasing the size of banking institutions in a country. These benefits include; mobilizing of domestic savings, which are necessary for investments, deepening and increasing intermediation processes, as well as reduction of inefficiencies entrenched in businesses and other economic activities. However, there is one thing that has remained unclear in many economies, that is; the impact that mergers and acquisition have on credit creation to small and medium-sized businesses in a country. Studies indicate that large and complex organisations that are created by mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector are less disposed compared to small institutions that are less complex. The research further reveals that most of these borrowers in small businesses are dependent on banks for credit; however, they hardly get it following the new business developments in the banking sector. The reason for this development follows the fact that the large financial institutions resulting from mergers and acquisition in the banking are usually not interested in extending loans and other credit facilities that requite close knowledge of particular small business (Haq 2005). This comes about because there are several diseconomies that arise from the process of such loans, as well as other financial products to not only small business, but also to medium-sized enterprises. The diseconomies that large financial institutions face in advancing credit to small businesses often arises from several factors, first, lending to these businesses is distinctly different in terms of their activities, which requires the mergers and acquisitions to have different technologies and a special lending culture that takes care of these concerns (Haq

Entry form into United World College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entry form into United World College - Essay Example In my quest to discover how societies evolved and mankind developed, I would like to visit Peru’s Canal, one of the seats of modern civilization. I am adventurous by nature and history being my strongest interest, I would love to skydive someday or go on a wild trek through the forests of the Amazon. As a child I often used to reflect on the war horror stories and it always made me sad. I could feel the agony of the children who tested HIV positive, I could sense the insecurity that the mentally challenged face day after day. It was disturbing to see small street children having to work for their daily bread when they should be going to school. I used to wonder if there was anyway that the world could share a common goal – to erase poverty and sufferings, if there was anyway that I could contribute my time and talent towards achieving this goal. I wanted to do something different that would make me stand out from the rest, but I did not exactly know how to go about it, what avenues to explore to fulfill my dreams. I had read a lot and knew the power that words and love has. I had heard of Vasudeva Kutumbakam, an Indian phrase which literally means the world is one family. This phrase made a deep impression on my mind so much so that I started praying to God to really make the world one big family, to awaken the consciousness of those constantly at war. I started praying for world peace. My longing for world peace has ignited a burning desire into me to participate in an anti-war march someday, my own little way to make a difference. In my pursuit for a college for higher studies, I came across United World College and was immediately attracted for two reasons – one – students from more than 80 different nations study at the college at any given time. Secondly, community service plays a central role in all the colleges. I instantly made up my mind that this was the place for me. I was particularly drawn to Mahindra United World College of India as

Animal Eyes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animal Eyes - Essay Example When light passes through the retina, it captures some while the rest passes proceeds to the Tapetum Licidum (Winifred & Krause 16). The mirror like layer of cells sequentially reflects light back to the retina (Winifred & Krause 16). This ricocheting of light is what gives off the green like flash in the animal’s eye at night (Winifred & Krause 16). Reflected light in the retina facilitates concentration of light, which enhances visualization. This process gives the animal greater and higher vision besides enabling them to hunt or scavenge their prey at night. Conversely, the â€Å"red eye† color characterizes animals that do not have Tapetum Licidum (Pendergrast 23). Therefore, this implies their eyes are not ready for the sudden entry of light except during incidences characterized by much light, which then penetrates into the eye, for instance, photographing. The â€Å"red eye† glow appears when thick light passes through the pupil of the eye and bounces off the red organs and blood capillaries in the eye. The amount of melanin in the eye can also cause â€Å"red eye† effect. People with high melanin level in the eye tend to absorb higher light intensity. Therefore, little light reflects on the red blood capillaries and body tissues leading to the absence of the â€Å"red eye† effect. Presently, numerous cameras have an installed feature meant to reduce â€Å"red eye† effect that works when flash goes off twice. The first flash makes eye pupils contract, hence making them smaller. The second flash, which is the actual one for taking pictures, finds the pupils smaller and reflects light on fewer blood vessels. This strategy reduces the â€Å"red eye† effect while taking a

Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law - Case Study Example Damages as well as remedies that can be awarded will also be explored. In this particular case, Jill has to prove the kind as well as the authenticity of the employment law. She has to prove that the contract itself is somehow suppressive as it strips her off her rights. She is hired as an independent contractor but the terms of the contract reflect otherwise. The contract does not want to take full responsibility of her welfare. It seems that right from the beginning, she has no rights and is supposed to abide by the rules and regulations of the contractors. Under normal circumstances, the employment laws in the federal states forbid this practice as it seeks to subdue the employees’ rights as they would not have any power to stand up for their rights. The elements of proof she must prove is the â€Å"arbitration, mediations† clause which requires her to complete this process if there is a contract dispute, and the results will be binding legally and she will waive her future rights in federal and state court to contest any employment violations. In other words, this clause implies that she has no right to contest an employment dispute. Her rights can be violated but she is not given the opportunity to take legal recourse. Indeed, the court is the highest arbiter of disputes among contracting parties but in this case, above mentioned clause prohibits the other party from seeking legal action against the employer.

Cable Companies as a Monopoly Research Proposal

Cable Companies as a Monopoly - Research Proposal Example The paper will draw on previously published reports that address the topic. These reports and articles will help define what a monopoly is as well as determining the present status of the cable companies. The paper will define the various forms of monopoly and report on current trends and legislation that affect the cable television industry. It will, when appropriate, put the issue into a historical context to determine if the industry is moving towards a greater or lesser monopolistic hold. The paper will be written with the premise that a monopoly does not exist in the cable television market. It will present evidence of this point of view, while remaining open for the presentation of opposing viewpoints. It will conclude by presenting a synopsis of the data and drawing a conclusion. In the face of rising cable bills and falling levels of service it is tempting to seek out a culprit and point to the cable company that has a seeming monopoly on the delivery of television viewing and broadband delivery. It is reasonable to believe that since we have one cable coming into the house and only have the choice of one content provider that a monopoly exists and we are left without any consumer selection. However, that anecdotal information alone would not necessarily qualify the cable company as a monopoly. There is the bidding process that takes place that determines the provider to consider. There are also suitable substitutes available that may limit the use of the word 'monopoly' when applied to television and broadband. The cable television companies no longer have a monopolistic hold on television delivery, as they have been subjected to competition from new technologies and deregulation. When we speak of a monopoly, the classic vision is the company that has a total market share and there are no competitors and no substitute products. The word is often used in a negative context as monopolies have historically had the ability to raise prices above the point that a competitive market would allow. As an example, private railroads in the past were able to act with monopolistic characteristics, as there was no competition from other transportation means. However, monopolies may also be the result of the economics of scale. If the fixed costs or startup costs are of a value that prevents others from entry, it may form a natural monopoly, where one company is able to produce and sell the service at a lower cost that having two or more companies competing for the same market share. A monopoly may also exist if there are simply no competitors that wish to enter the market, but the company does not act like a monopoly in the distribution of its services or the pricing of its goods. In addition, there is a difference between a regulated industry and a monopoly. According to Bollick (1984), "because of structural conditions that exist in certain industries, competition between firms cannot endure; and whenever these conditions exist, it is inevitable that only one firm will survive. Thus, regulation is necessary to dilute the ill-effects of the monopoly". For the purposes of this paper, a company will be considered to be a monopoly when it willfully acts to eliminate competition through its business practices and practices monopolistic pricing policies. Cable

Norway - Population Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Norway - Population - Research Paper Example Furthermore, 39.8% of the country’s total population is in the age group of 25-54 years (CIA, 2013). The population growth is slow recorded in 2013 at 0.33% (CIA, 2013). Therefore, any business must not expect any major shift in the demographic conditions of the country. Any strategy that is formulated and implemented at present could remain effective for next few years. These groups are considered to be the target market of ARIO that is launching its wristband collection in Norway. Moreover, ARIO plans to launch its business in Oslo, which is the capital city of Norway, and it is important to highlight demographics of the city. The capital hosts a population of around .875 million individuals (CIA, 2013). The city portrays of the country’s heritage. However, in the recent years, the city socio-cultural setup has been very much affected by Western influences. The younger population of the country is following the contemporary trends (Oslo, 2013). The country spends 6.8% of its total GDP on education (CIA, 2013), which is significantly high amount of expenditure. This also implies that a high proportion of the country’s population is literate and has access to all types of information. 100% of the population can read or write, which is phenomenal. This is crucial as ARIO depends upon the ability of participants of the targeted market to understand fashion trends and follow them in their purchases. It is understood that target population that has some form of education are more likely to be aware of fashion trends. There is no poverty found in the country as every individual in the country is living about the poverty line (CIA, 2013). The country’s per capital GDP is $53,000 (CIA, 2013) that is very high and reflects people’s ability to generate income and spending in high volumes. Although, the country experienced a slowdown in its economy as an outcome of the recent financial crisis and economic downturn in major

Administrative Ethics Paper Essay Example for Free

Administrative Ethics Paper Essay In the health care setting for administrators there is an ongoing occurrence of ethical issues implicit in daily activities. A health care administrator we have assignments to the business as well as to ourselves to help the customers and our coworkers who accommodated and checked the patients within the company. The information technology system is growing rapidly this is an ethical issue for the administrators that always shows itself within the company and that is the confidentiality of data. Confidentiality information is private, facts about another person, company, etc. in a health care setting confidentiality is patients’ medical information stored into a system by the company. When working in the healthcare fields there are some rules concerning confidentiality, and they are; know the facts, have decision-making skills that control confidential data, and have some ethical alertness. The significance of developing ethical alertness is being able to handle confidential data, boosted education, and conversations regarding these problems should happen within the company to give pessimistic opinions of the coworkers and this could assist them to get through the conversation, conservative views, and moral instruction, this could take along groundbreaking ways for coworkers and other to efficiently to reply hard data, and this potentially could come into view. As an administrator, we are avowed in by morals to value the confidentiality of data we intake, and use for the company. Confidentiality data can have but is not restricted to, staff private data and recompense records. The issue and impact on the population that affects most will be explained in this case study; this will be the scenery for the moral examination of problems an administrator linked to revealing confidential data regarding a worker. We have a nurse name Michelle, who is the leading nurse at a hospital with 250 beds. Michelle has worked in the administration field for three years and thinks highly of herself compared to the other coworkers in the company. When it came to decision making Michelle always found a way to disagree. Michelle  acknowledges that the company is unstable from general duties of the company price extracting and also includes employee reduction. Michelle acknowledged that the gross was high that it usually is, and this could cause hardship in the working environment that will also consist of workers not certified and obligatory overtime. Michelle thinks these problems were due because of the altering attitude of the hospital managerial team. We have Nurse Jackie, who is the second head nurse; she has worked in the nursing field for a few years. She is mothers who use to stay-at-home and take care of her family (husband, and daughters). When Jackie’s children got older Jackie wanted to go back to work. Jackie’s husband realized with his paycheck and her paycheck combined they would not have enough funds to support their daughters for college and their tuition increases every year. A position at the hospital opened for her to apply for and Jackie’s husband thought that would be a superior idea for Jackie to apply for it because it could assist him and her on helping their daughters with college. Jackie got hired, although her nursing knowledge has not been streamlined. Jackie thought that because she was not a permanent staff worker there that they would not ask her to do much so she took on more hours. The administrator for nursing name is Karen; she is also associates with Michelle. These two ladies have had issue regarding quality of care. Michelle began drama regarding supple workers pool nurses to work on the medical units to Karen’s attention, without an acceptable answer. Karen’s workers were arbitrarily assigned in various parts of the hospital, which made it hard for Karen to monitor her staff. Karen’s view of Michelle is her certainty that the nurses ought to have awareness in every aspect of medicine, whereas Karen think this is idealistic considering they go in various assorted areas. Jackie began to see work as a stressful environment; she did not get to make friends with any coworkers because they were constantly moving around to different departments. She gave out medication to patients who did not recognize her. When Jackie had a question she would ask the physician, and they would not answer her so she would ask Karen for help. Work for Jackie was becoming unbearable, but her husband did not care he was happy to see the paychecks coming in and wanted her to keep working overtime because it was helping his and her savings big time. Jackie felt trapped because she wanted to lessen her hours at work, but her husband wanted her to do more hours so in result  Jackie began to taking drugs, she knew this could affect her job, but she needed to do this to decrease her stress. Jackie’s changes were not noticed for a while until she was told to work in the surgical area for a few weeks to assist an employee who was leaving for vacation. A pharmacist noticed a difference in giving out medication for example, a rare rise in narcotics and errors of signatures on the medication paperwork. The pharmacist took the problem to Michelle and Michelle did some investigating. Jackie was found guilty and Michelle went to Jackie’s boss who is Karen. Karen and Michelle talked to Jackie, Jackie admitted her wrongdoing, Karen resolute was for Jackie to go to a rehabilitation center and recover from this and when she does she could come back and work for the company. Karen also chose to not tell the state board of Registered Professional Nurses. After these events occurred Michelle chose to have a meeting with the nurse manager of surgical unit, human resources director, and the chair of the nursing ethics committee to decide rather she needs to be more should have happened in a situation like this. Jackie does have the right to confidentiality, but Michelle thought this could be a good staff conversation. Karen believed total opposite; she believed this would break Jackie’s confidentiality. The problem at the meeting was confidentiality and the nurses having incompatible opinions of confidentiality and the impression on others. Michelle believed that the way Jackie had act failed her position because patients were not treated correctly and other staff actions had been effect by Jackie’s duties so Michelle believed that meeting need to be held. Michelle believed the patient’s pain was impaired, and Jackie’s unwillingness harmed the patients. This was essential to her to demonstrate that the company was devoted to suitable action in giving a precautious workplace of knowledgeable workers/patients. Examinations of moral questions have an organized procedure to decide and choose the best result a problem occurs when there are moral questions with various results. When a problem does not occur there are no moral problems. A great moral result is reliant on good problem recognition and detail meetings. There are many ethical reasons to maintain confidentiality, and some are; protect private data that will consist of respecting others, maintaining sureness, which raises open discussion. We all have the power and guidance to have accountability to exercise in a steadily moral way. References 1. Badzek, L., Mitchell, K., Marra, S., Bower, M., and (Dec.31 1998): Administrative Ethics and Confidentiality/Privacy issues Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol 3, No.3 Retrieved September 29, 2012 www.nursingworld.org 2. Confidentiality in Health Care Health Care Professionals Must Learn the Rules of Confidentiality Sept. 29, 2012 Kathy Quan 3. HIPPA- Overview www.ufl.edu Copyright  © 2005 |University of Florida Retrieved September 29, 2012

The Concept Of Charity In Islam Religion Essay

The Concept Of Charity In Islam Religion Essay The paper which I am going to right is about Islamic concept of charity. The concept is not new for so many people because every religion of the world preached that charity is a way of bringing justice to society. But here I would like to explain different forms of charity in Islam, their differences and its impact on society. Charity is for those in need. This is general principle which enjoins us to help people in need, be they good or bad, on the right path or not, Muslims or non-Muslims. No one should judge in these matters. The foremost ends in charity should be Gods pleasure and our own spiritual good. The concept of charity in Islam is thus linked with justice. It is not limited to the redressed of grievances. It implies apart from the removal of handicaps, the recognition of the right that every human being has to attain the fullness of life.   The definition of charity in Islamic tradition differs somewhat from its interpretation in other contexts. The Quran states: And be steadfast in your prayer and pay charity; whatever good you send forth for your future, you shall find it with Allah, for Allah is well aware of what you do . Charity is central to a Muslims life. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said No wealth (of a servant of Allah) is decreased because of charity. There are misconceptions by some people regarding Islamic concept of Charity. They think that Islam is taking Charity by force in the name of Zakat. But this is not reality. Islam does not force anyone to give charity. This is third pillar of Islam and its reward will be given in after world. The following five words are the most frequently used words to describe charity in the Noble Quran: 1. Infaq fi Sabil Allah (spending in the path of Allah).    Infaq Meaning spending benevolently 2. Ihsan Meaning the doing of good or (kindness and consideration) 3. Zakah  Ã‚   Meaning growth or purification 4. Sadaqah Derived from the root sidq and meaning truth, and comes to signify charitable deed 5. Khayrat Meaning good deeds Here two basic concepts will be explained that is Zakat and Sadaqah where Zakat is obligatory charity and Sadaqah is voluntarily Charity. DEFINITION AND IMPLICATION OF ZAKAT (ALMS GIVING) Zakat, is derived from the verb zaka, (which means to thrive, to be wholesome,[to be pure) and signifies purification. The Noble Quran referring to the purification of wealth states: Of their wealth take alms to purify and sanctify them ZakÄ t or alms giving, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, is the giving of a small percentage of ones possessions (surplus wealth) to charity, generally to the poor and needy. It is often compared to the system of tithing and alms, but it serves principally as the welfare contribution to poor and deprived Muslims, although others may have a rightful share. It is the duty of an Islamic community not just to collect zakat but to distribute it fairly as well. Zakat is a multi facial concept. In one form it is an act of worship while in other form it is the carrying out of social service. It is thus not just the payment of a tax as it is generally understood but is rather an act of religious significance. Muslims fulfil this religious obligation by giving a fixed percentage of their surplus wealth. Zakat has been paired with such a high sense of righteousness that it is often placed on the same level of importance as offering Salat. Muslims see this process also as a way of purifying themselves from their greed and selfishness and also safeguarding future business. In addition, Zakat purifies the person who receives it because it saves him from the humiliation of begging and prevents him from envying the rich. Its importance and centrality to Islam results in the punishment for not paying when able are very severe. Muslim jurists agree that zakat is obligatory on the Muslim who has reached puberty, who is sane, who is free, and who owns the minimum assigned nisab throughout Islamic history; denying Zakat equals denying the Islamic faith. However, Muslim jurists differ on the details of zakat, which may include rate, the exemptions, and the kinds of wealth that are zakatable. Zakatable refers to assets subject to zakat according to Islamic examples and directives. Some scholars consider the wealth of children and insane individuals zakatable. Some scholars consider all agricultural products zakatable; others restrict zakat to specific kinds only. Some consider debts zakatable. Similar differences exist for business assets and womens jewellery. Some require certain minimum nisab for zakatability. THE PAYMENT OF ZAKAT Zakat is obligatory on every sane adult Muslim who is malik al-nisab, i.e., who possesses wealth equivalent to the monetary value of 20 Dinar of gold or 200 Dirham of silver. In the case of Muslims below the age of puberty and those Muslims who are insane, Zakat is obligatory on their wealth and their guardians are entrusted to pay it on their behalf. The law stipulates that once a year (after the completion of one lunar year) Zakat must be calculated and 2.5% is to be deducted from a malik al-nisabs wealth (cash, savings, investments, gold and silver) and donated as Zakat. ZAKAT AS AN ACT OF WORSHIP Zakat is in spirit an act of worship and in its external form the discharging of a social service. It is, therefore, not a levy or a tax, but is rather an act of worship. That is why the Noble Quran often mentions the observance of Salah alongside the giving of Zakat: ÙˆÙÅ ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ £Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ØلؠµÃƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ ÙˆÙÅ ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¢ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Øلؠ²Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒâ„¢Ã†â€™Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ ÙˆÙÅ ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœ Ø ªÃƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ لؠ£Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ø ®Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚  Ø ªÃƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚  Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ ØللّÙ†¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚  Ø ¥Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ ØللّÙ†¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ Ø ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœ Ø ªÃƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ Ø ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ µÃƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ And be steadfast in your prayer and pay charity; whatever good you send forth for your future, you shall find it with Allah, for Allah is well aware of what you do Moreover, the Noble Quran emphasizes the importance of Zakat as follows: By no means shall you attain righteousness, unless you give of that which you love RECIPIENTS OF ZAKAT Allah (S.W.T) has mentioned paying of Zakat on multiple occasions like. Zakat is for the poor and the needy and those who are employed to administer and collect it, and for those whose hearts are to be won over, and for the freeing of human beings from bondage, and for those who are overburdened with debts and for every struggle in Gods cause, and for the wayfarers: this is a duty ordained by God, and God is the All-Knowing, the Wise. According to the Noble Quran, the lawful recipients of Zakat must be Muslims who belong to either one or more of the eight categories: (1) The poor (2) The needy (3) Those whose hearts are to be reconciled (4) Securing the freedom of those who are captives (5) Those that are genuinely in debt (6) Muslim employees (7) Those who engage in the cause of Allah I (8) The wayfarers DEFINITION OF SADAQAH The word Sadaqah is derived from the Arabic root verb sadaqah which means to be truthful and hence Sadaqah implies engaging in any righteous act in order to earn the mardat (pleasure) of Allah. SOME RULES PERTAINING TO SADAQAH There are three basic rules involved for Sadaqah to be divinely rewarded. Firstly, it must be donated in the name of Allah alone. Secondly, all monies donated must be from a legitimate source. Money that has been stolen or earned unethically is rendered void by Allah . Thirdly, all excess wealth is seen being owned by Allah and Muslims hold the wealth as trustees. Therefore, it is left up to individual Muslims to determine as to how much they are willing to give back to Him in the form of charity. SOME MITIGATING CONSEQUENCES OF SADAQAH According to the teachings of Islam, the giving of Sadaqah serves a number of functions. First and foremost is the expiation of sins. The believers are asked to give Sadaqah immediately following any divine transgression. It also serves to compensate for any shortcoming in any past payment of Zakah. Moreover, it also gives protection against falling victim to calamities. Furthermore, it wards off affliction in this world, and punishment on Day of Judgment. It is therefore recommended to give Sadaqah, irrespective whether it is at night or during the day, in secret or in public in order to seek God Almightys pleasure (Al-Baqarah, 2:274). Finally, it is generally believed that the constant giving of a little charity pleases God Almighty more than the occasional giving of much charity. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ZAKAT AND SADAQAH It is important to differentiate between Zakat and Sadaqah. Zakat is the obligatory annual almsgiving which is determined on the basis of the value of ones wealth. Sadaqah on the other hand is superogatory charity, given by Muslims over and above their Zakat contribution. Moreover, every Muslim irrespective of his/her financial status can in actual fact participate in Sadaqah in view of the fact that Sadaqah is not necessarily restricted to monetary contributions, but can also be given in kind as specified in the Noble Quran, for example, feeding the poor (69:34; 90:11-16; 107:1-3), extending any form of support to the orphans (17:34; 76:8; 89:17; 90:15; 93:9, 107:2) and widows, advising or counselling, and volunteering ones services in the community. CONCLUSION Thus charity, on a generic level, plays a major role in Muslim society. One of the key purposes of the religion is grounded in a sense of community, which is fostered by charity. The Noble Quran reassures those who engage in voluntary charity would be amply rewarded: Those who believe, and do deeds of righteousness, and establish regular prayers and regular charity, will have their reward with their Lord: On them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. From the Islamic point of view, wealth belongs to God and is held by human beings in trust; so for those whom Allah has blessed with wealth, it is a test; and Muslims should strive to pass this test by not becoming worshipers of hoarded wealth. They should rather use the wealth only in ways God has permitted and realize that the amount to be given is not really their money but, rather, it belongs to those who have less than they do. Islamic charity is one of those unique forms of worship that bring out both the individual and the social aspects of ibada worship. Consider its sociopolitical effects: it frees society from the ill feelings arising out of class hatred. It opposes an individualism that is blind to the travails of ones neighbors and stands against a socialism that shackles individual freedom. It fosters neither selfishness nor renunciation. It also strengthens a sense of brotherhood and establishes social cohesion. Islamic charity represents the unbreakable bond between members of the community, whom Prophet Mohammed described as like the organs of the body, if one suffers then all others rally in response. We are fortunate to have sufficient means to live a quality life, but there are millions of people who are less fortunate than ourselves. Many millions of children, women and men live in abject poverty. Things that we take for granted-regular meals, housing, education and healthcare-are considered luxuries in some of the worlds poorest countries. It is our duty to help them-because helping the poor and destitute is emphasized again and again in the Quran and in the other Holy Scripts and traditions. By working together we can help make a real difference and bring about positive change to many peoples lives. The rewards for being charitable are also manifold: charity purifies our wealth and God has promised us a great reward for being charitable towards our fellow human beings.